📋 Paediatrics
Asthma in Children Paediatrics Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Management
Comprehensive guide to asthma in children covering pathophysiology, causes, triggers, symptoms, diagnosis, classification, investigations, acute asthma management, long term control therapy, medications and prevention in paediatrics.
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Frequently Asked Questions
❓ What is asthma in children?
Asthma in children is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and recurrent episodes of wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
❓ What are the common symptoms of pediatric asthma?
Common symptoms include recurrent wheezing, persistent cough especially at night or early morning, shortness of breath, chest tightness, exercise intolerance, and frequent respiratory infections.
❓ What triggers asthma attacks in children?
Common triggers include viral respiratory infections, dust mites, pollen, pet dander, air pollution, tobacco smoke exposure, cold air, exercise, and strong odors.
❓ How is asthma diagnosed in children?
Asthma diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination, spirometry showing reversible airflow obstruction, peak expiratory flow monitoring, and sometimes allergy testing.
❓ What is the first-line treatment for acute asthma attacks in children?
The first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbation is inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists such as salbutamol delivered via nebulizer or inhaler with spacer.
❓ What medications are used for long-term control of asthma in children?
Long-term control medications include inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, long-acting beta agonists combined with inhaled corticosteroids, and biologic agents in severe asthma.
❓ What is the role of inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma?
Inhaled corticosteroids reduce airway inflammation, decrease frequency of exacerbations, improve lung function, and are considered the most effective long-term controller therapy for persistent asthma.
❓ What are the warning signs of severe asthma attack in children?
Warning signs include severe breathlessness, inability to speak full sentences, use of accessory respiratory muscles, cyanosis, silent chest on auscultation, and oxygen saturation below 92 percent.
❓ Can children outgrow asthma?
Some children with mild asthma may experience improvement or remission during adolescence, but others may continue to have persistent asthma into adulthood.
❓ How can asthma attacks be prevented in children?
Prevention includes avoiding triggers, maintaining regular use of controller medications, ensuring proper inhaler technique, vaccination against respiratory infections, and following a personalized asthma action plan.