Malpresentation in Pregnancy Causes Types Diagnosis and Management

⚡ 24 questions 📅 2026-02-03 14:12:01

Comprehensive guide on malpresentation in obstetrics including causes types diagnosis complications and stepwise management for exam and clinical practice.

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Frequently Asked Questions

❓ What is malpresentation in pregnancy?

Malpresentation is any fetal presentation other than vertex (head-down, occipito-anterior) at the time of labor, such as breech, transverse lie, face, or brow presentation.

❓ What is the most common malpresentation at term?

Breech presentation is the most common malpresentation, occurring in about 3–4% of term pregnancies.

❓ What are the main types of malpresentation?

The main types include: Breech presentation Transverse lie Oblique lie Face presentation Brow presentation Compound presentation

❓ What are the common causes of malpresentation?

Common causes include: Prematurity Placenta previa Uterine anomalies Multiple pregnancy Polyhydramnios Fetal congenital anomalies

❓ How is malpresentation diagnosed?

Malpresentation is diagnosed by: Abdominal examination (Leopold’s maneuvers) Vaginal examination during labor Ultrasound, which is the most reliable method

❓ Which malpresentation is the most dangerous?

Transverse lie is considered the most dangerous malpresentation because vaginal delivery is impossible and there is a high risk of cord prolapse and uterine rupture.

❓ Can malpresentation be corrected before delivery?

Yes, some malpresentations (especially breech) can be corrected by External Cephalic Version (ECV) after 36–37 weeks, provided there are no contraindications.

❓ When is cesarean section required in malpresentation?

Cesarean section is required in: Transverse lie Persistent brow presentation Mentum posterior face presentation Footling breech Malpresentation with fetal distress or CPD