📋 Paediatrics
Paediatric Seizure Disorders Guide Febrile Seizures Absence JME Status Epilepticus Explained
Complete paediatric seizure disorders guide covering febrile seizures, absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, epilepsy syndromes, and status epilepticus with causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment protocols for students and clinicians.
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Frequently Asked Questions
❓ What is a seizure disorder in children
A seizure disorder in children refers to recurrent episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain leading to motor, sensory, or behavioral changes. It may be due to genetic, structural, metabolic, or infectious causes.
❓ What is the difference between febrile seizures and epilepsy
Febrile seizures occur in children aged 6 months to 5 years associated with fever and are usually benign, whereas epilepsy is defined as recurrent unprovoked seizures without fever or acute triggers.
❓ What are simple and complex febrile seizures
Simple febrile seizures are generalized, last less than 15 minutes, and occur once in 24 hours. Complex febrile seizures are focal, prolonged more than 15 minutes, or occur multiple times within 24 hours.
❓ What is the first line treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide is the first line treatment for absence seizures as it blocks T-type calcium channels and effectively controls typical absence episodes.
❓ What are the key features of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy presents with early morning myoclonic jerks, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and sometimes absence seizures, often triggered by sleep deprivation.
❓ Which drug is preferred for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Valproate is the drug of choice for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy due to its effectiveness against myoclonic and generalized seizures.
❓ What is status epilepticus in children
Status epilepticus is defined as a seizure lasting more than 5 minutes or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness in between and requires emergency management.
❓ What is the first line drug for status epilepticus
Benzodiazepines such as lorazepam or diazepam are the first line drugs for the management of status epilepticus.
❓ What is West syndrome
West syndrome is a severe epilepsy syndrome in infants characterized by infantile spasms, developmental regression, and hypsarrhythmia on EEG.
❓ What is Lennox Gastaut syndrome
Lennox Gastaut syndrome is a childhood epilepsy syndrome with multiple seizure types, intellectual disability, and characteristic slow spike-wave EEG pattern.
❓ When is lumbar puncture required in febrile seizures
Lumbar puncture is required when there are signs of meningitis such as neck stiffness, altered consciousness, or in infants where infection cannot be ruled out clinically.
❓ What are common triggers for seizures in children
Common triggers include fever, sleep deprivation, metabolic disturbances like hypoglycemia, infections, and missed antiepileptic medications.
❓ What EEG pattern is seen in absence seizures
Absence seizures show a characteristic generalized 3 Hz spike and wave pattern on EEG.
❓ Why should carbamazepine be avoided in generalized epilepsies
Carbamazepine can worsen generalized epilepsies such as absence seizures and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy by increasing seizure frequency.
❓ What is the prognosis of febrile seizures
Febrile seizures generally have an excellent prognosis with most children outgrowing them and only a small risk of developing epilepsy later.